大型航天模型制作是集科學性、藝術(shù)性與工程性于一體的創(chuàng)作活動，既能展現(xiàn)航天器的精密構(gòu)造，又能通過細節(jié)還原激發(fā)公眾對航天的興趣。

　　The production of large-scale aerospace models is a creative activity that combines scientific, artistic, and engineering elements. It can showcase the precise structure of spacecraft and stimulate public interest in aerospace through detailed reproduction.

　　材料選擇：性能與成本的平衡

　　Material selection: balance between performance and cost

　　模型主體材料需根據(jù)展示需求與功能定位選擇。輕質(zhì)木材如巴爾沙木因其易加工性常用于靜態(tài)展示模型，通過激光切割可實現(xiàn)毫米級精度。金屬材料中，鋁合金板材適合制作起落架等承重部件，需配合數(shù)控折彎機完成曲面造型。對于需模擬飛行姿態(tài)的動態(tài)模型，碳纖維復合材料因其高強度重量比成為首選，但需注意其脆性特征，避免在運輸中損壞。

　　The main material of the model needs to be selected according to the display requirements and functional positioning. Lightweight wood such as balsa wood is commonly used for static display models due to its ease of processing, and millimeter level accuracy can be achieved through laser cutting. Aluminum alloy sheets are suitable for making load-bearing components such as landing gear in metal materials, and need to be combined with CNC bending machines to complete curved shapes. For dynamic models that require simulation of flight attitude, carbon fiber composite materials are preferred due to their high strength to weight ratio, but attention should be paid to their brittle characteristics to avoid damage during transportation.

　　塑料材料中，聚碳酸酯板材適合制作透明艙段，通過熱成型工藝可復現(xiàn)載人飛船返回艙的弧形舷窗。3D打印技術(shù)為復雜結(jié)構(gòu)件提供新方案，如衛(wèi)星太陽能帆板的鏤空支架，采用光敏樹脂打印后需進行紫外固化處理，確保尺寸穩(wěn)定性。

　　Among plastic materials, polycarbonate sheets are suitable for making transparent cabin sections, and the curved portholes of manned spacecraft return cabins can be replicated through thermoforming technology. 3D printing technology provides a new solution for complex structural components, such as hollow brackets for satellite solar panels, which require UV curing treatment after printing with photosensitive resin to ensure dimensional stability.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計：功能與美學的統(tǒng)一

　　Structural Design: Unity of Function and Aesthetics

　　空間站模型需重點解決空間利用率問題。采用模塊化艙段設(shè)計，每個實驗艙配備標準對接接口，通過磁吸裝置實現(xiàn)快速組裝。為增強真實感，太陽能帆板需設(shè)計可展開機構(gòu)，使用微型舵機控制旋轉(zhuǎn)角度，模擬在軌運行狀態(tài)。

　　The space station model needs to focus on addressing the issue of space utilization. Adopting modular cabin design, each experimental cabin is equipped with standard docking interfaces, and quick assembly is achieved through magnetic attraction devices. To enhance realism, solar panels need to be designed with a deployable mechanism that uses micro servos to control the rotation angle and simulate in orbit operation.

　　制作工藝：精度與效率的協(xié)同

　　Production process: synergy of precision and efficiency

　　主體加工階段，數(shù)控機床與手工打磨結(jié)合使用?；鸺w先用CNC機床加工出加強筋槽位，再由工匠用原子灰填補接縫，經(jīng)三次水砂紙打磨后，表面粗糙度可達Ra0.8。對于曲面部件，如航天飛機機翼，采用真空吸附成型工藝，將玻璃纖維布鋪覆在陽模表面，抽真空后加熱固化，確保流線型輪廓。

　　During the main processing stage, CNC machine tools are used in combination with manual polishing. The rocket body is first machined with a CNC machine to create reinforced groove positions, and then the joints are filled with atomic ash by craftsmen. After three rounds of sandpaper polishing, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.8. For curved components such as space shuttle wings, vacuum adsorption molding technology is used to lay glass fiber cloth on the surface of the male mold, vacuum it and heat it to solidify, ensuring a streamlined contour.

　　表面處理需兼顧耐候性與觀賞性。金屬部件先進行陽極氧化處理，再噴涂航天器專用銀灰色漆，通過光譜分析儀校準色差值ΔE≤1.5。塑料部件采用真空鍍膜工藝，在聚碳酸酯表面沉積鋁膜，模擬金屬質(zhì)感的同時保持透光性。

　　Surface treatment should balance weather resistance and aesthetics. The metal parts are first subjected to anodizing treatment, and then sprayed with spacecraft specific silver gray paint. The color difference value Δ E is calibrated by a spectral analyzer to be ≤ 1.5. Plastic components are coated with vacuum coating technology, depositing aluminum film on the surface of polycarbonate to simulate a metallic texture while maintaining transparency.

　　細節(jié)還原：科學與藝術(shù)的交融

　　Detail Restoration: The Integration of Science and Art

　　標志性元素需嚴格考證真實數(shù)據(jù)。空間站機械臂的關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍需參考工程圖紙，采用微型軸承實現(xiàn)±90°旋轉(zhuǎn)，傳動鋼絲隱藏在硅膠護套內(nèi)。

　　Iconic elements require strict verification of authentic data. The joint movement range of the space station robotic arm needs to refer to the engineering drawings, using micro bearings to achieve ± 90 ° rotation, and the transmission wire is hidden in a silicone sheath.

　　動態(tài)效果增強展示感染力?；鸺l(fā)動機部位安裝LED燈帶，通過Arduino控制器編程模擬起飛時的火焰時序。為呈現(xiàn)推進劑貯箱的液位變化，在透明艙段內(nèi)設(shè)置蠕動泵，循環(huán)流動的熒光液體通過單片機控制流速，重現(xiàn)真實發(fā)射場景。

　　Dynamic effects enhance the display's infectivity. Install LED light strips in the rocket engine area and simulate the flame timing during takeoff through Arduino controller programming. To present the liquid level changes of the propellant storage tank, a peristaltic pump is installed in the transparent compartment, and the circulating fluorescent liquid is controlled by a microcontroller to reproduce the real emission scene.

　　日常維護需建立專項制度。金屬部件每半年涂抹防銹油，塑料部件每年進行紫外光老化測試，電子元件每兩年更換鋰電池。對于室外展示模型，還需加裝避雷裝置與防盜系統(tǒng)，確保長期安全運行。

　　Special systems need to be established for daily maintenance. Metal parts are coated with anti rust oil every six months, plastic parts undergo UV aging testing every year, and electronic components are replaced with lithium batteries every two years. For outdoor display models, lightning protection devices and anti-theft systems need to be installed to ensure long-term safe operation.

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